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Timescale of Earth’s Events
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- The Earth's surface is constantly changing.
- Sometimes it changes fast like a volcano erupting.
- Sometimes it changes slowly like erosion.
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Discussion Questions
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Before VideoWhat happens during an earthquake?ANSWER
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During an earthquake the ground shakes. Sometimes things fall off shelves or out of cabinets if the earthquake is strong.
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A volcanic eruption is when lava flows out of the top of a volcano. The lava may run down the side or it can shoot up into the air. When the lava cools, it hardens into rock.
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Earthquakes, volcanoes, mudslides and flash floods can change the Earth’s surface quickly.
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Rain and wind can change the Earth’s surface slowly. A great example is the Grand Canyon. Glaciers can also change the Earth’s surface very slowly.
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The river flooded and moved rocks into people’s yards. New roads have been built where there used to be fields.
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You could hide under a table or desk. You could also stand in a doorway.
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After VideoHow does an earthquake change the Earth’s surface?ANSWER
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An earthquake can cause cracks in the Earth’s surface. Roads can break into pieces and bridges can fall down.
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Lava can flow down the sides of a volcano and spread over the land. It can even flow into the ocean. Once the lava cools it hardens into rock.
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A landslide is when heavy rain soaks into the Earth and causes the land to fall down because of gravity. If there are no plants to hold the soil in place, it is more likely to happen.
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Over very long periods of time weathering and erosion from wind or water can make a rough rock smooth.
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Over millions of years, the Colorado River has worn away rock to form the Grand Canyon. Even today, it continues to change very slowly. Wind has also helped form the Grand Canyon, but not as much as water.
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A glacier is a very slow-moving chunk of ice. Because it is so heavy, it changes the shape of the land as it slowly moves over it.
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Vocabulary
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Earth’s Surface
DEFINE
The outermost layer of the Earth. We live on the Earth’s surface.
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Erosion
DEFINE
When tiny pieces of the Earth’s surface are moved from one place to another. This usually happens due to wind or flowing water.
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Timescale
DEFINE
How long it takes for something to happen. Some things happen in seconds like an earthquake and other things like erosion can take millions of years.
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Volcano
DEFINE
A mountain-like structure that can erupt and lava can flow out of it.
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Earthquake
DEFINE
A natural event that happens when the ground shakes.
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Landslide
DEFINE
When land, mud and rocks slide down a slope.
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Glacier
DEFINE
A huge piece of ice that slowly moves.
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Earth’s Surface
DEFINE
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Reading Material
Download as PDF Download PDF View as Separate PageWHEN DOES THE EARTH’S SURFACE CHANGE?The Earth’s surface is constantly changing. Some events cause fast changes like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Other changes can be very slow like erosion.
To better understand how the Earth’s surface changes…
WHEN DOES THE EARTH’S SURFACE CHANGE?. The Earth’s surface is constantly changing. Some events cause fast changes like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Other changes can be very slow like erosion. To better understand how the Earth’s surface changes…LET’S BREAK IT DOWN!
Volcanos change the Earth’s surface very quickly.
When volcanoes erupt, hot lava is released from inside the Earth. As it cools and hardens, rock is formed and that can change the shape of the land.
Volcanos change the Earth’s surface very quickly. When volcanoes erupt, hot lava is released from inside the Earth. As it cools and hardens, rock is formed and that can change the shape of the land.Earthquakes change Earth’s surface in seconds.
Earthquakes cause the ground to crack. Sometimes roads are destroyed and even buildings can be damaged. These changes to the surface of the Earth happen fast.
Earthquakes change Earth’s surface in seconds. Earthquakes cause the ground to crack. Sometimes roads are destroyed and even buildings can be damaged. These changes to the surface of the Earth happen fast.Sometimes water changes the Earth’s surface quickly.
During a landslide, water from heavy rain can cause land in certain places to slide down a hill. Hills that don’t have any plants or trees are more likely to have a landslide.
Sometimes water changes the Earth’s surface quickly. During a landslide, water from heavy rain can cause land in certain places to slide down a hill. Hills that don’t have any plants or trees are more likely to have a landslide.Erosion can change Earth’s surface very slowly.
Water erosion is when water slowly moves pieces of the Earth’s surface from one place to another. Over many years, rough rocks can become smooth from the flowing water.
Erosion can change Earth’s surface very slowly. Water erosion is when water slowly moves pieces of the Earth’s surface from one place to another. Over many years, rough rocks can become smooth from the flowing water.Glaciers change the Earth’s surface very slowly.
Glaciers are huge pieces of ice that move very slowly. Glaciers are found in very cold places. They are so heavy that they can make big changes when they move.
Glaciers change the Earth’s surface very slowly. Glaciers are huge pieces of ice that move very slowly. Glaciers are found in very cold places. They are so heavy that they can make big changes when they move. -
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Name one way the Earth’s surface changes quickly and one way it changes slowly.
What formed the Grand Canyon? About how long do you think it took?
How is an earthquake shake table useful to scientists and engineers?
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