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Fossils & Extinction
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- A fossil is the remains or traces of prehistoric life.
- An extinct animal is one that is no longer found on earth today.
- Fossils provide evidence about past life and their environment.
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Discussion Questions
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Before VideoWhat is a fossil?ANSWER
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A fossil is the remains or impression of prehistoric life (that includes plants and animals).
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When plants and animals die, they usually leave nothing behind. However, sometimes those living things die in a watery environment and they become buried in the mud. Once buried, skin and muscle break down, leaving only bones or shells behind. Over thousands or even millions of years, sediment builds on top of them and hardens into rock. Then something like erosion brings the remains to the surface where scientists called paleontologists can dig them up and study them.
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A plant or animal that is extinct could once be found living on Earth but is now gone.
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A scientist who studies fossils.
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After VideoWhy are so many fossils found in the La Brea Tar Pits fossil dig site?ANSWER
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Many animals became trapped in a thick, sticky liquid called asphalt that seeped through cracks at the Earth’s surface. They got stuck and died and their bones were preserved.
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Dental picks are used to carefully scrape away small amounts of rock from the fossil. Other tools include brushes to sweep away dirt and a chisel and hammer, which is used to chip away at harder surfaces.
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When fossils are dug out of the ground, they still have rock or asphalt around them. The fossils are taken to a lab to be further cleaned before they are categorized and studied.
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Fossil Preparators receive fossils that come from the dig site and clean them! At the La Brea Tar Pits, asphalt can be dissolved from the fossils using a special liquid. For types of rock other than asphalt, Fossil Preparators must clean fossils using additional tools.
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Animal fossils found at the La Brea Tar Pits include horses, saber-toothed cats, short-faced bears, mammoths, giant sloths and dire wolves. In total they have found over 1 million fossils.
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Zoe notices that the teeth from one of the skulls are flat and the teeth from the other one are sharp. She knows that animals that exist today that have flat teeth (like cows or horses) eat grass and that animals with sharp teeth, like cats, eat meat.
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From animal fossils (especially skulls) we can learn about what an animal ate, its size and shape, and the strength of an animal (based on muscle attachments). We can also learn about whether an animal was predator or prey (based on eye socket placement) and even how good its sense of smell was (by the size of the nasal cavity).
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Tiny fossils called microfossils provide evidence of a range of animals and plants that lived alongside the bigger animals. Examples of microfossils include pieces of leaves, seed, and bark from plants and also bones from small animals like lizards and rodents. All this information together can help us know about the environment from the past.
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Vocabulary
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Fossil
DEFINE
Remains or traces of plants and animals that lived a long time ago.
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Extinct
DEFINE
A living thing that is no longer found alive anywhere on earth today.
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Saber-Toothed Cat
DEFINE
A huge cat with two long, saber-shaped teeth that it used for hunting. It went extinct about 11,000 years ago and fossils of it are found in places like the La Brea Tar Pits.
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La Brea Tar Pits
DEFINE
A fossil dig site located in the middle of Los Angeles. They have found over 1 million fossils there. About 50,000 years ago, many animals were trapped here in a sticky black substance that oozes from cracks in the earth’s surface (asphalt). Animals got stuck and were preserved as fossils.
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Paleontologist
DEFINE
A scientist that studies fossils.
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Dire Wolf
DEFINE
A type of wolf that lived in North America, but went extinct about 10,000 years ago. Its teeth are larger than wolves of today and it ate horses, ground sloths, mastodons, bison, and camels!
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Herbivore
DEFINE
An animal that eats plants.
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Carnivore
DEFINE
An animal that eats meat.
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Omnivore
DEFINE
An animal that eats both plants and meat.
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Microfossil
DEFINE
A small fossil that typically can be studied only with a microscope. It can be a piece of a large plant or animal or small bones of things like lizards and rodents.
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Plaster of Paris
DEFINE
A white powder that hardens when mixed with water and allowed to sit. It is used to make sculptures, molds and casts for broken bones.
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Fossil
DEFINE
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Reading Material
Download as PDF Download PDF View as Separate PageFOSSIL DEFINITIONFossils are the remains or traces of plants and animals that live a long time ago. Fossils help scientists understand what life was like millions of years ago. Some fossils provide evidence of living things that have gone extinct, which means they no longer found alive anywhere on earth today.
To learn more about fossils and extinction…
FOSSIL DEFINITION. Fossils are the remains or traces of plants and animals that live a long time ago. Fossils help scientists understand what life was like millions of years ago. Some fossils provide evidence of living things that have gone extinct, which means they no longer found alive anywhere on earth today. To learn more about fossils and extinction…LET’S BREAK IT DOWN!
A fossil is the remains or traces of prehistoric life.
Fossils are the preserved remains of an animal, such as the animal’s bones, or impressions of the animal's activities, such as footprints. Even poop can be considered a fossil.
It's important to remember that plants can be fossils too!
Fossils can be found all over the world, however, there are areas that have a lot more fossils than other areas.
A fossil is the remains or traces of prehistoric life. Fossils are the preserved remains of an animal, such as the animal’s bones, or impressions of the animal's activities, such as footprints. Even poop can be considered a fossil. It's important to remember that plants can be fossils too! Fossils can be found all over the world, however, there are areas that have a lot more fossils than other areas.An extinct animal is one that is no longer found on Earth today.
When an entire type of animal dies out, they are extinct. Extinct animals are gone forever.
Fossils help us understand why an animal went extinct. Some extinctions were caused by sudden changes in an organism’s habitat such as floods, wildfires, or other natural events. Hunting, habitat loss, and pollution are common reasons why organisms go extinct today.
An extinct animal is one that is no longer found on Earth today. When an entire type of animal dies out, they are extinct. Extinct animals are gone forever. Fossils help us understand why an animal went extinct. Some extinctions were caused by sudden changes in an organism’s habitat such as floods, wildfires, or other natural events. Hunting, habitat loss, and pollution are common reasons why organisms go extinct today.Fossils provide evidence about past life and their environment.
Scientists can learn a lot about the history of life from fossils, such as what types of animals live in a particular location.
We know that the area that is now Mt. Everest was once at the bottom of the sea because scientists found fossils of ocean animals there.
By looking at the teeth of extinct animals, scientists are able to determine their diet. When fossils with long pointed teeth are found, scientists know that the animal was a carnivore (animals that eat meat). If a fossil with flat, smooth teeth is found, the animal is likely a herbivore (animals that eat plants).
Also, the size and shape of the skull are used to determine the size of an animal. Scientists can even use dinosaur footprints to determine how fast the dinosaur ran, how many legs it had, and if it traveled alone or in groups.
Fossils provide evidence about past life and their environment. Scientists can learn a lot about the history of life from fossils, such as what types of animals live in a particular location. We know that the area that is now Mt. Everest was once at the bottom of the sea because scientists found fossils of ocean animals there. By looking at the teeth of extinct animals, scientists are able to determine their diet. When fossils with long pointed teeth are found, scientists know that the animal was a carnivore (animals that eat meat). If a fossil with flat, smooth teeth is found, the animal is likely a herbivore (animals that eat plants). Also, the size and shape of the skull are used to determine the size of an animal. Scientists can even use dinosaur footprints to determine how fast the dinosaur ran, how many legs it had, and if it traveled alone or in groups.How did plants and animals become fossils?
Fossils can be made from the actual remains of an organism (like bones, teeth, shells or leaves), or they can be preserved records of a living thing's activity (like footprints or animal droppings). Only a small number of organisms have become fossilized.
When living things die, they typically don’t leave anything behind. If an animal was quickly buried after it died, the bones or shells may have been left behind. Over time, the sediment over the dead organism hardens into rock. Fossils are revealed when something like erosion brings their remains to the surface and they are discovered.
How did plants and animals become fossils? Fossils can be made from the actual remains of an organism (like bones, teeth, shells or leaves), or they can be preserved records of a living thing's activity (like footprints or animal droppings). Only a small number of organisms have become fossilized. When living things die, they typically don’t leave anything behind. If an animal was quickly buried after it died, the bones or shells may have been left behind. Over time, the sediment over the dead organism hardens into rock. Fossils are revealed when something like erosion brings their remains to the surface and they are discovered. -
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What can we learn from fossils?
List 3 things, besides animal bones, that are considered fossils.
How does looking at teeth tell us about what an animal ate. Explain with examples.
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