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The top layer of Earth is called the crust, beneath that is the mantle, and the inner-most layer is the core.
As you move from the crust to the core, the temperature rises to almost 5000°C at the core. The crust is solid, and the outer core is liquid.
Erosion refers to the natural processes that move solid materials from one place to another by wind, water, or other ways.
A compound is a molecule that is made up of atoms of one or more elements.
All rocks have properties. You can observe a rock’s hardness, color, and appearance (stratified or not) to help determine what type of rock it is.
Earth’s crust makes up Earth’s surface. Ocean crust is more dense than continental crust. The crust is broken into large pieces called tectonic plates. Tectonic plates move slowly over millions of years and form distinct boundaries.
Minerals are solid, naturally formed substances that always have the same composition and the same properties. Rocks are made of minerals.
Hot water dissolves minerals. When the water evaporates, it leaves behind the dissolved minerals in a crystal structure.
Gabbro is a type of rock used to make roads; granite is used in building materials; coal is used to generate electricity; and shale is used to make bricks.
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
Igneous rocks form by liquid magma cooling as it gets closer to the surface of Earth. As the magma cools, it forms igneous rock that will break apart over thousands of years to form sediment.
Rocks metamorphose, or change, when exposed to heat, pressure, or both heat and pressure.
A solid, naturally formed substance that always has the same composition and the same properties.
A naturally formed combination of minerals and other natural materials.
A molecule that is made of one or more atoms of different elements.
Rock formed from magma or lava.
Rock formed from compacted sediment.
Rock formed from existing rock; heat and pressure cause the minerals to form new combinations or new crystals.
Molten rock within Earth.
Layers of sedimentary rock.
The continuous process of change in which new rocks are formed from old rock materials.
Name 3 types of rock and describe each type.
In a few sentences, describe how sedimentary rock forms.
Explain the key steps of the rock cycle including the words igneous, sediment, sedimentary, metamorphic and magma.
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