Weathering & Erosion; Natural Disasters; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.ESS.2.a | Rocks change shape, size and/or form due to water or glacial movement, freeze and thaw, wind, plant growth, acid rain, pollution and catastrophic events such as earthquakes, flooding, and volcanic activity. | 2 |
Weathering & Erosion; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.ESS.3.a | Liquid water, wind and ice physically remove and carry rock, soil and sediment (erosion) and deposit the material in a new location (deposition). | 2 |
Weathering & Erosion; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.ESS.1.b | Earth’s surface can change due to erosion and deposition of soil, rock or sediment. | 2 |
Wave Properties; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 5 | 5.PS.2.b | Sound is produced by vibrating objects and requires a medium through which to travel. The rate of vibration is related to the pitch of the sound. | 2 |
Water Quality & Distribution; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.ESS.1.a | About 70 percent of the Earth’s surface is covered with water and most of that is the ocean. Only a small portion of the Earth’s water is freshwater, which is found in rivers, lakes, groundwater and glaciers. | 2 |
Water Quality & Distribution; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.ESS.3.a | Some of Earth’s resources become limited due to overuse and/or contamination. Reducing resource use, decreasing waste and/or pollution, recycling and reusing can help conserve these resources. | 2 |
Water Cycle (6-8 Version); | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.ESS.2.a | The sun is the major source of energy for wind, air and ocean currents and the hydrologic cycle. As thermal energy transfers occur in the atmosphere and ocean, currents form. Large bodies of water can influence weather and climate. The jet stream is an example of an atmospheric current and the Gulf Stream is an example of an oceanic current. Ocean currents are influenced by factors other than thermal energy, such as water density, mineral content (such as salinity), ocean floor topography and Earths rotation. All of these factors delineate global climate patterns on Earth. | |
Water Cycle (6-8 Version); | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.ESS.2.a | Historical data and observations such as fossil distribution, paleomagnetism, continental drift and sea-floor spreading contributed to the theory of plate tectonics. The rigid tectonic plates move with the molten rock and magma beneath them in the upper mantle. | |
Water Cycle (3-5 Version); | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 2 | 2.ESS.2.a | Water is present in the atmosphere as water vapor. When water vapor in the atmosphere cools, it forms clouds, fog, rain, ice, snow, sleet or hail. | 1 |
Variation of Traits; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.LS.1.a | Individual organisms inherit many traits from their parents indicating a reliable way to transfer information from one generation to the next. | 2 |
Variation of Traits; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.LS.1.b | Some behavioral traits are learned through interactions with the environment and are not inherited. | 2 |
The Solar System; Solar & Lunar Eclipses; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 5 | 5.ESS.1.a | The distance from the sun, size, composition and movement of each planet are unique. Planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits. Some of the planets have moons and/or debris that orbit them. Comets, asteroids and meteoroids orbit the sun. | 2 |
The Fossil Record; Rock Layers (Geologic Time); | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.ESS.4.a | Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old. Earth history is based on observations of the geologic record and the understanding that processes observed at present day are similar to those that occurred in the past (uniformitarianism). There are different methods to determine relative and absolute age of some rock layers in the geologic record. Within a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rocks, the oldest rocks are at the bottom (superposition). The geologic record can help identify past environmental and climate conditions. | |
The Fossil Record; Natural Selection; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.LS.1.c | Throughout Earths history, extinction of a species has occurred when the environment changes and the individual organisms of that species do not have the traits necessary to survive and reproduce in the changed environment. Most species (approximately 99 percent) that have lived on Earth are now extinct. | |
The Fossil Record; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.LS.1.a | Fossils provide important evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed. | |
Tectonic Plates; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.ESS.2.b | Convection currents in the asthenosphere cause movements of the lithospheric plates. The energy that forms convection currents comes from deep within the Earth. | |
Tectonic Plates; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.ESS.2.c | There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent and transform. Each type of boundary results in specific motion and causes events (such as earthquakes or volcanic activity) or features (such as mountains or trenches) that are indicative of the type of boundary. | |
Tectonic Plates; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.ESS.3.a | Earths surface is formed from a variety of different geologic processes, including but not limited to plate tectonics. | |
Sunlight Warms the Earth; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 1 | 1.ESS.1.a | Sunlight warms Earth’s land, air and water. The amount of exposure to sunlight affects the amount of warming or cooling of air, water and land. | 1 |
Sun and Other Stars; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 5 | 5.ESS.2.a | The sun appears to be the largest star in the sky because it is the closest star to Earth. Some stars are larger than the sun and some stars are smaller than the sun. | 2 |
Solids, Liquids and Gases (K-2 Series) | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.PS.2.b | Shape and compressibility are properties that can distinguish between the states of matter. | 2 |
Solar & Lunar Eclipses; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.ESS.4.b | A solar eclipse is when Earth moves into the shadow of the moon (during a new moon). A lunar eclipse is when the moon moves into the shadow of Earth (during a full moon). | |
Rocks & Minerals (Including Rock Cycle); | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.ESS.1.a | Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solids that have a defined chemical composition. Minerals have properties that can be observed and measured. Minerals form in specific environments. | |
Rocks & Minerals (Including Rock Cycle); | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.ESS.2.a | Most rocks are composed of one or more minerals, but there are a few types of sedimentary rocks that contain organic material, such as coal. The composition of the rock, types of mineral present, and/or mineral shape and size can be used to identify the rock and to interpret its history of formation, breakdown (weathering) and transport (erosion). | |
Rocks & Minerals (Including Rock Cycle); | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.ESS.3.a | Magma or lava cools and crystallizes to form igneous rocks. Heat and pressure applied to existing rock forms metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rock forms as existing rock weathers chemically and/or physically and the weathered material is compressed and then lithifies. Each rock type can provide information about the environment in which it was formed. | |
Reproduction of Living Things; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.LS.2.a | Reproduction is the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next. It can occur with mixing of genes from two individuals (sexual reproduction). It can occur with the transfer of genes from one individual to the next generation (asexual reproduction). The ability to reproduce defines living things. | |
Reproduction of Living Things; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.LS.3.b | During reproduction, genetic information (DNA) is transmitted between parent and offspring. In asexual reproduction, the lone parent contributes DNA to the offspring. In sexual reproduction, both parents contribute DNA to the offspring. | |
Renewable vs. Nonrenewable Resources; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.ESS.2.a | Renewable energy resources, such as wind, water or solar energy, can be replenished within a short amount of time by natural processes. | 2 |
Renewable vs. Nonrenewable Resources; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.ESS.2.b | Nonrenewable energy is a finite resource, such as natural gas, coal or oil, which cannot be replenished in a short amount of time. | 2 |
Pushes and Pulls; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 1 | 1.PS.2.a | The position of an object can be described by locating it relative to another object or to the object’s surroundings. An object is in motion when its position is changing. | 1 |
Pushes and Pulls; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 1 | 1.PS.2.b | The motion of an object can be affected by pushing or pulling. A push or pull is a force that can make an object move faster, slower or go in a different direction. Changes in motion are a result of changes in energy. | 1 |
Pushes and Pulls; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 2 | 2.PS.1.a | Motion can increase, change direction or stop depending on the force applied. | 1 |
Pushes and Pulls; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 2 | 2.PS.1.b | The change in motion of an object is related to the size of the force. | 1 |
Properties of Matter; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.PS.1.a | Matter takes up space and has mass. | 2 |
Properties of Matter; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.PS.2.a | The most recognizable states of matter are solids, liquids and gases. | 2 |
Properties of Elements; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.PS.1.a | Elements can be classified as metals, non-metals and metalloids, and can be organized by similar properties such as color, solubility, hardness, density, conductivity, melting point and boiling point, viscosity, and malleability. | |
Potential vs. Kinetic Energy; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.PS.3.a | Objects and substances in motion have kinetic energy. | |
Potential vs. Kinetic Energy; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.PS.3.b | Objects and substances can have energy as a result of their position (potential energy). | |
Potential vs. Kinetic Energy; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.PS.4.a | An objects position and speed can be measured and graphed as a function of time. | |
Plant Growth (K-2 Series) | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.ESS.1.a | Soil is composed of pieces of rock, organic material, water and air and has characteristics that can be measured and observed. Use the term “soil”, not “dirt”. Dirt and soil are not synonymous. | 2 |
Plant & Animal Cells; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.LS.1.a | All living things are composed of cells. Different body tissues and organs are made of different kinds of cells. The ways cells function are similar in all living organisms. | |
Plant & Animal Cells; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.LS.3.b | Every cell is covered by a membrane that controls what can enter and leave the cell. | |
Plant & Animal Cells; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.LS.3.c | Within the cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy capture and release, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback and movement. | |
Photosynthesis & Respiration; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.LS.1.a | Plants use the energy in light to make sugars out of carbon dioxide and water (photosynthesis). These materials can be used or stored for later use. Organisms that eat plants break down plant structures to release the energy and produce the materials they need to survive. The organism may then be consumed by other organisms for materials and energy. | |
Photosynthesis & Respiration; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.LS.1.b | Energy can transform from one form to another in living things. Animals get energy from oxidizing food, releasing some of its energy as heat. | |
Moon & Its Phases; Solar & Lunar Eclipses; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.ESS.4.a | The moons orbit and its change of position relative to Earth and sun result in different parts of the moon being visible from Earth (phases of the moon). | |
Patterns in the Sky; Four Seasons and Day Length; | OH | Learning Standards | Kindergarten | K.ESS.2.b | The sun’s position in the sky appears to change in a single day and from season to season. Stars are visible at night, some are visible in the evening or morning and some are brighter than others. | 1 |
Patterns in the Sky; | OH | Learning Standards | Kindergarten | K.ESS.2.a | The moon, sun and stars appear in different positions at different times of the day or night. Sometimes the moon is visible during the night, sometimes the moon is visible during the day and at other times the moon is not visible at all. The observable shape of the moon changes in size very slowly throughout the month. The sun is visible only during the day. | 1 |
Parts of a Plant; External Animal Parts; | OH | Learning Standards | Kindergarten | K.LS.2.a | Living things are made up of a variety of structures. Some traits can be observable structures. Some of these structures and behaviors influence their survival. | 1 |
Oceans, Lakes and Rivers; Solids, Liquids and Gases; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 1 | 1.ESS.2.a | The physical properties of water can change. These changes occur due to changing energy. Water can change from a liquid to a solid and from a solid to a liquid. | 1 |
Newton’s Laws of Motion; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.PS.2.b | Forces can be added. The new force on an object is the sum of all of the forces acting on the object. | |
Newton’s Laws of Motion; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.PS.2.c | If there is a nonzero net force acting on an object, its speed and/or direction will change. | |
Newton’s Laws of Motion; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.PS.2.d | Kinetic friction and drag are forces that act in a direction opposite the relative motion of objects. | |
Natural Selection; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.LS.1.b | Changes in environmental conditions can affect how beneficial a trait will be for the survival and reproductive success of an organism or an entire species. | |
Natural Resource Distribution; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.ESS.5.a | Nearly all manufactured material requires some kind of geologic resource. Most geologic resources are considered nonrenewable. Rocks, minerals and soil are examples of geologic resources that are nonrenewable. | |
Natural Disasters; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.ESS.1.c | Catastrophic events such as flooding, volcanoes and earthquakes can create landforms. | 2 |
Multicellular Organisms; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.LS.2.a | Cells repeatedly divide resulting in more cells and growth and repair in multicellular organisms. | |
Multicellular Organisms; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.LS.3.a | Many basic functions of organisms occur in cells. Cells take in nutrients and energy to perform work, like making various molecules required by that cell or an organism. | |
Multicellular Organisms; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.LS.4.a | The level of organization within organisms includes cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and whole organisms. | |
Multicellular Organisms; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.LS.4.b | Whether the organism is single-celled or multicellular, all of its parts function as a whole to perform the tasks necessary for the survival of the organism. | |
Maintaining Biodiversity; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.LS.2.a | The variety of physical (abiotic) conditions that exists on Earth gives rise to diverse environments (biomes) and allows for the existence of a wide variety of organisms (biodiversity). | |
Living vs. Non-Living; Rocks & Minerals (Including Rock Cycle) | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.ESS.1.b | Rocks have specific characteristics that allow them to be sorted and compared. Rocks form in different ways. Air and water are also nonliving resources. | 2 |
Living vs. Non-Living Things; Plants Need Water And Light; Habitats; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 1 | 1.LS.1.a | Living things require energy, water, and a particular range of temperatures in their environments. Plants get energy from sunlight. Animals get energy from plants and other animals. Living things acquire resources from the living and nonliving components of the environment. | 1 |
Living vs. Non-Living Things; Habitats; | OH | Learning Standards | Kindergarten | K.LS.1.a | Living things grow and reproduce. Living things are found worldwide. | 1 |
Living Things Change Their Environment; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 2 | 2.LS.1.a | Living things function and interact with their physical environments. Living things cause changes in the environments where they live; the changes can be very noticeable or slightly noticeable, fast or slow. | 1 |
Light Reflection & Vision; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 5 | 5.PS.2.a | Light travels and maintains its direction until it interacts with an object or moves from one medium to another and then it can be reflected, refracted or absorbed. | 2 |
Introduction to Weather; | OH | Learning Standards | Kindergarten | K.ESS.1.a | Weather changes occur throughout the day and from day to day. | 1 |
Introduction to Weather; | OH | Learning Standards | Kindergarten | K.ESS.1.b | Air is a nonliving substance that surrounds Earth and wind is air that is moving. | 1 |
Introduction to Weather; | OH | Learning Standards | Kindergarten | K.ESS.1.c | Wind, temperature and precipitation can be used to document short-term weather changes that are observable. | 1 |
Introduction to Weather; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 2 | 2.ESS.1.a | Air has properties that can be observed and measured. The transfer of energy in the atmosphere causes air movement, which is felt as wind. Wind speed and direction can be measured. | 1 |
Introduction to Weather; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 2 | 2.ESS.3.a | Changes in energy affect all aspects of weather, including temperature, precipitation, and wind. | 1 |
Introduction to Sound; | OH | Learning Standards | Kindergarten | K.PS.2.a | Sound is produced by touching, blowing or tapping objects. The sounds that are produced vary depending on the properties of objects. Sound is produced when objects vibrate. | 1 |
Intro to Thermal Energy; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.PS.2.a | Temperature is a measure of the average motion of the particles in a substance. | |
Intro to Thermal Energy; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.PS.2.c | When substances undergo changes of state, atoms change their motion and position. | |
Intro to Thermal Energy; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.ESS.1.a | Thermal energy is transferred as water changes state throughout the cycle. The cycling of water in the atmosphere is an important part of weather patterns on Earth. The rate at which water flows through soil and rock is dependent upon the porosity and permeability of the soil or rock. | |
How Do We Use Food; Food Webs; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 5 | 5.LS.2.a | For ecosystems, the major source of energy is sunlight. Energy entering ecosystems as sunlight is transferred and transformed by producers into energy that organisms use through the process of photosynthesis. That energy is used or stored by the producer and can be passed from organism to organism as illustrated in food webs. | 2 |
Heating and Cooling; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 1 | 1.PS.1.a | Objects and materials change when exposed to various conditions, such as heating or cooling. Changes in temperature are a result of changes in energy. Not all materials change in the same way. | 1 |
Heating and Cooling (K-2 Series) | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.PS.2.c | One way to change matter from one state to another is by heating or cooling. | 2 |
Heat: Transfer of Thermal Energy | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.PS.2.b | Heat is a process of energy transfer rather than a type of energy. Energy transfer can result in a change in temperature or a phase change. | |
Habitats; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 1 | 1.LS.2.a | Resources are necessary to meet the needs of an individual and populations of individuals. Living things interact with their physical environments as they meet those needs. Effects of seasonal changes within the local environment directly impact the availability of resources. | 1 |
Gravity Pulls Things Down; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 2 | 2.PS.1.c | Some forces act without touching, such as using a magnet to move an object or objects falling to the ground. | 1 |
Gravity Pulls Things Down (K-2) | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.ESS.3.b | Gravitational force affects movements of water, rock and soil. | 2 |
Genes & Mutations; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.LS.3.a | Expression of all traits is determined by genes and environmental factors to varying degrees. Many genes influence more than one trait, and many traits are influenced by more than one gene. | |
Four Seasons and Day Length; | OH | Learning Standards | Kindergarten | K.ESS.1.d | Yearly weather changes (seasons) are observable patterns in the daily weather changes. | 1 |
Fossils & Extinction; Earth's Landscapes; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.LS.2.c | Fossils provide a point of comparison between the types of organisms that lived long ago and those existing today. | 2 |
Fossils & Extinction; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 2 | 2.LS.2.a | Some kinds of organisms become extinct when their basic needs are no longer met or the environment changes. | 1 |
Fossils & Extinction; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.LS.2.b | Most species that have lived on Earth are extinct. | 2 |
Food Webs; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 5 | 5.LS.1.a | Populations of organisms can be categorized by how they acquire energy. | 2 |
Food Webs; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 5 | 5.LS.1.b | Food webs can be used to identify the relationships among producers, consumers and decomposers in an ecosystem. | 2 |
Energy Transfer; Collisions; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.PS.3.a | There are many different forms of energy. Energy is the ability to cause motion or create change. The different forms of energy that are outlined at this grade level should be limited to familiar forms that a student is able to observe. | 2 |
Energy Transfer; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.PS.2.a | Energy transfers from hot objects to cold objects as heat, resulting in a temperature change. | 2 |
Energy Transfer; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.PS.2.c | Electrical energy in circuits can be transformed to other forms of energy, including light, heat, sound and motion. Electricity and magnetism are closely related. | 2 |
Energy Transfer; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.PS.2.b | Electric circuits require a complete loop of conducting materials through which electrical energy can be transferred. | 2 |
Electricity & Circuits; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.PS.4.d | An electrical circuit transfers energy from a source to a device. | |
Electric & Magnetic Fields; Gravitational Forces Between Objects; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.PS.1.a | Magnetic, electrical and gravitational forces can act at a distance. | |
Ecosystems; Adaptations and the Environment; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.LS.1.a | Ecosystems can change gradually or dramatically. When the environment changes, some plants and animals survive and reproduce and others die or move to new locations. | 2 |
Ecosystems; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.LS.1.b | Ecosystems are based on interrelationships among and between biotic and abiotic factors. These include the diversity of other organisms present, the availability of food and other resources, and the physical attributes of the environment. | 2 |
Earth’s Orbit and Rotation; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 5 | 5.ESS.3.a | Earth’s revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days. Earth completes one rotation on its axis in a 24-hour period, producing day and night. This rotation makes the sun, stars and moon appear to change position in the sky. | 2 |
Conservation of Matter; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.PS.1.a | When an object is broken into smaller pieces, when a solid is dissolved in a liquid or when matter changes state (solid, liquid, gas), the total amount of matter remains constant. | 2 |
Competition in Ecosystems; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.LS.2.c | Ecosystems are dynamic in nature; the number and types of species fluctuate over time. Disruptions, deliberate or inadvertent, to the physical (abiotic) or biological (biotic) components of an ecosystem impact the composition of an ecosystem. | |
Classification of Materials; Material Properties and Purposes; | OH | Learning Standards | Kindergarten | K.PS.1.a | Objects can be sorted and described by the properties of the materials from which they are made. Some of the properties can include color, size and texture. | 1 |
Classification of Living Things; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 4 | 4.LS.2.a | The concept of biodiversity is expanded to include different classification schemes based upon shared internal and external characteristics of organisms. | 2 |
Chemical vs. Physical Changes; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.PS.2.b | Physically combining two or more substances forms a mixture, which can be separated through physical processes. | |
Chemical Reactions | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.PS.1.c | Molecules are the combination of two or more atoms that are joined together chemically. | |
Chemical Reactions; Food Webs: Cycling of Matter & Flow of Energy; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.LS.1.c | The total amount of matter and energy remains constant, even though its form and location change. | |
Chemical Reactions; Food Webs: Cycling of Matter & Flow of Energy; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.PS.2.a | When substances interact and form new substances the properties of the new substances may be very different from those of the original substances, but the amount of mass does not change. | |
Causes of Seasons; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.ESS.4.c | Gravitational force between Earth and the moon causes daily oceanic tides. When the gravitational forces from the sun and moon align (at new and full moons) spring tides occur. When the gravitational forces of the sun and moon are perpendicular (at first and last quarter moons), neap tides occur. | |
Causes of Seasons; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.ESS.5.a | Earths axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5°. This tilt along with Earths revolution around the sun, affects the amount of direct sunlight that the earth receives in a single day and throughout the year. The average daily temperature is related to the amount of direct sunlight received. | |
Balanced & Unbalanced Forces; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 5 | 5.PS.1.b | Any change in speed or direction of an object requires a force and is affected by the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. | 2 |
Atoms & Molecules; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.PS.1.a | Matter has mass, volume and density and is made up of particles called atoms. | |
Atoms & Molecules; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.PS.1.b | Elements are a class of substances composed of a single kind of atom. | |
Animal & Plant Life Cycles; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.LS.3.a | Worldwide, organisms are growing, reproducing, dying and decaying. The details of the life cycle are different for different organisms, which affects their ability to survive and reproduce in their natural environments. | 2 |
Adaptations and the Environment; Animal Group Behavior; Structure of Living Things; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.LS.2.b | Plants and animals have certain physical or behavioral characteristics that influence their chances of surviving in particular environments. | 2 |
Adaptations and the Environment; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 3 | 3.LS.2.a | Plants and animals have physical features that are associated with the environments where they live. | 2 |
| OH | Learning Standards | Grade 5 | 5.PS.1.a | Movement can be measured by speed. The speed of an object is calculated by determining the distance (d) traveled in a period of time (t). | 2 |
| OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.ESS.4.a | Soil formation occurs at different rates and is based on environmental conditions, types of existing bedrock and rates of weathering. Soil forms in layers known as horizons. Soil horizons can be distinguished from one another based on properties that can be measured. The terms dirt and soil are not synonymous, use the term soil. | |
Comparative Anatomy; Natural Selection; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 6 | 6.LS.4.c | Organisms have diverse body plans, symmetry and internal structures that contribute to their being able to survive in their environments. | |
| OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.ESS.3.a | The atmosphere is held to the Earth by the force of gravity. There are defined layers of the atmosphere that have specific properties, such as temperature, chemical composition and physical characteristics. Gases in the atmosphere include nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide and other trace gases. Biogeochemical cycles illustrate the movement of specific elements or molecules (such as carbon or nitrogen) through the lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. | |
| OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.LS.2.b | Biomes are regional ecosystems characterized by distinct types of organisms that have developed under specific soil and climatic conditions. | |
| OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.PS.3.a | When energy is transferred from one system to another, the quantity of energy before transfer equals the quantity of energy after transfer. When energy is transformed from one form to another, the total amount of energy remains the same. | |
Newton’s Laws of Motion; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.PS.4.a | Mechanical energy can be transferred when objects push or pull on each other over a distance. | |
Wave Reflection, Absorption & Transmittance; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.PS.4.b | Mechanical and electromagnetic waves transfer energy when they interact with matter. | |
Heat: Transfer of Thermal Energy; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 7 | 7.PS.4.c | Thermal energy can be transferred through radiation, convection and conduction. | |
| OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.ESS.1.a | The refraction and reflection of seismic waves as they move through one type of material to another is used to differentiate the layers of Earths interior. Earth has a core, a mantle, and a crust. Impacts during planetary formation generated heat. | |
Tectonic Plates; | OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.ESS.1.b | These impacts converted gravitational potential energy to heat. Earths core is also able to generate its own thermal energy because of decaying atoms. This continuously releases thermal energy. Thermal energy generated from Earths core drives convection currents in the asthenosphere. | |
| OH | Learning Standards | Grade 8 | 8.PS.2.a | The motion of an object is always measured with respect to a reference point. | |